Seasonal flu: What is it and what can you do?

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India has reported at least 3 deaths associated with H3N2 this season. Of the last few severe  influenza seasons, most were caused by H3N2, the last it affected was the United States in 2018, this season unfortunately is India’s turn. In India, the pollution being heavy worsen the effects of the flu if caught. Hence it is important to know what you can do to prevent catching the flu, what you can do if you do catch it and recover.

What is the influenza virus?

Influenza, also commonly known as the flu, is an infection of the nose, throat and lungs, all of which are part of the respiratory system. It is a viral fever and not bacterial.

Usually the infected get better on their own, but sometimes the symptoms can be deadly for some.

There are 4 types of influenza viruses that occur seasonally, these are types A, B, C and D

  • Type A influenza virus is currently circulating in people, these subtypes are categorized into two: subtype A (H1N1) and subtype B (H3N2).
  • Type B influenza viruses cause self-limited acute respiratory infection
  • Type C influenza viruses is usually detected less frequently and causes mild infections and does not pose much as important
  • Type D influenza do not affect humans

The influenza virus occur seasonally due to the changes in the environment, they must be able to endure a variety of environmental changes, therefore the effects of the environment on the survival of the virus have long been the most important factor related to the seasonality of the virus.

Seasonal flu Symptoms:

  • Cough
  • Runny nose
  • Sore throat
  • Headache
  • Body aches
  • Fever
  • Chills
  • Fatigue
  • Diarrhea
  • Vomiting

Seasonal influenza begins with a sudden onset of fever, dry cough, headache, body ache, sore throat and a runny nose. The cough usually lasts two or more weeks. Most individuals usually recover by themselves from the symptoms in a week or so without requiring too much medical attention. But influenza could cause serious/ fatal issues or even death in a few people that are at high risk. Hospitalization occur mainly in high risk groups, the groups are listed down below:

  • Young children
  • Children with neurological conditions
  • Pregnant women
  • Senior adults (65 or older)
  • Asthmatic patients
  • Suffering from heart condition
  • Suffering from Stroke
  • HIV/ AIDS affected
  • Suffering from cancer

Please visit a doctor before taking any medication if you are in a high-risk group.

Prevention:

The most effective way of preventing the flu is vaccination (NORMS Home Health Care) can provide you with the vaccine during the vaccine drive, contact us or make an appointment to further inquire). Safe and effective vaccines have been used for more than 60 years and have proven to be effective.
The vaccines are released by the WHO twice a year due to the constant evolving nature of the virus. They are available in India usually in between the months of August and September, it is recommended that the vaccines are taken annually before October(once a year) to protect yourself against influenza, they are one of the most commonly utilized vaccinations in the world.

There are two types of vaccines usually released, these are the trivalent and quadrivalent vaccines. The quadrivalent vaccine contains two influenza type B antigens while the trivalent contains only one antigen. The quadrivalent vaccine had proved to be more effective. Dosage should be limited to one a year of one of these vaccines.

One common misinterpretation about the vaccines is that it would prevent the infection all together, however that is not the truth. It does reduce the risk of catching the illness, but if the illness is caught, the vaccine will reduce the severity of the disease and incidence of complications and death, it is highly recommended for people in the high-risk category or the people surrounding them.
Annual vaccine is recommended for everyone, but is most recommended for:

  • Pregnant women
  • Children aged above 6 months (consult Pediatrician for the dosing and administration)
  • Elderly individuals aged more than 65 years
  • Individuals with chronic medical conditions
  • Health-care workers

Apart from vaccines, one could practice personal protective measures as well:

  • Regular hand hygiene by hand washing and sanitisation
  • Good respiratory hygiene – covering nose and mouth while sneezing or coughing to prevent the spread, and disposing the tissues correctly
  • Early self-isolation if one is experiencing any of the symptoms to avoid spread
  • Avoiding close contact with sick people
  • Avoiding touching one’s own eyes, nose or mouth without washing their hands
  • Cleaning and disinfecting surfaces which are likely to be infected (especially in offices and public spaces)

Misconceptions of Flu Vaccines:

Flu vaccines can give the flu infection – this is not true since the vaccine is prepared from the dead virus or from a single protein from the virus. The nasal spray vaccine has live virus but they also do not cause acute viral infections

Is it better to get sick with flu to get natural immunity – this is a strong misconception and getting sick with flu does not give natural immunity and having the flu vaccine and preventing the illness is a safer choice.

Is one shot of vaccine enough and yearly not needed – Flu vaccines have to be taken every year to avoid the illness and ger “optimal” protection against the illness. Flu virus strains are constantly changing and hence every year the WHO prescribes the right strains for optimal protection.

By taking the Flu vaccine does it make you susceptible to other respiratory infections – NO, flu shots don’t make you susceptible for other respiratory infections.

Does flu vaccine make you susceptible for COVID 19 – NO, studies have revealed that flu vaccines do not make you susceptible for COVID 19 infection. 

Benefits of taking regular flu vaccines:

  • Flu vaccines can keep you from getting sick with flu illness
  • Reduces severity of the flu illness if you get the illness post vaccination.
  • Reduces the risk of flu associated with hospitalization.
  • Flu vaccination is an important tool in certain chronic conditions. In cardiac patients it has reduced rates of cardiac events associated with flu illness. In patients with airway disease, it has been proven to have reduced the worsening of their illness.
  • In pregnant women, it has proven to avoid illness during pregnancy and also some protection to the infant in the first few months of birth.
  • In children it has been proven to have reduced major illness, ER visits and hospitalization due to flu illness.
  • By vaccinating oneself, they help in protecting the people around them.

Adverse Effects of the Flu vaccine:

  • There are no major side effects of the flu vaccine.
  • In very rare cases, people already allergic to some components in the vaccine can develop allergic reactions.
  • Most common side effect of the flu vaccine is soreness, redness and pain at the site of flu vaccine injection.
  • Nasal spray vaccine can have side effects like, runny nose, wheezing, headache, vomiting, muscle aches.
  • The symptoms are usually present only for 1-2 days after the vaccine shot.

When to seek medical attention:

In children:

  • Any flu like symptoms should not be ignored and early consult with pediatrician is mandatory, the other symptoms listed below are classified as severe in children
  • Troubled breathing
  • Bluish lips
  • Chest pain
  • Severe muscle pain
  • Dehydration
  • Not being alert
  • Seizures
  • Fever temperature beyond 104 degrees Fahrenheit
  • Fever for children under 12 weeks
  • Worsening chronic medical conditions

In adults:

  • Early consult with your doctor is mandatory to avoid worsening or hospitilsation
  • Difficulty breathing
  • Persistent pain in the chest region
  • Persistent dizziness
  • Seizures
  • Lack of urination
  • Severe muscle pain
  • Severe weakness
  • Worsening chronic conditions

Treatment for seasonal flu:

During the unfortunate situation where the flu virus escalates, your doctor would usually prescribe antiviral drugs. These antiviral drugs would usually help you recover faster and may also prevent serious complications.

Common antiviral prescriptions include: These drugs should never be taken without consulting the specialist.

  • Zanamivir (Relenza)
  • Oseltamivir (Tamiflu)
  • Peramivir (Rapivab)

Despite their effectiveness, these drugs might have negative side effects including nausea and vomiting. Stop using the medicine and see your doctor right away if you start to develop any of these symptoms or if your condition worsens.

The use of over-the-counter medicine can also lower the flu symptoms. Keep yourself hydrated to help your immune system and loosen up any mucus in your chest. 

The infection is contagious in a person if they have the flu from at least one day before starting to feel sick to five days after their symptoms begin.

In more serious circumstances, you might continue to be contagious even after feeling symptoms. This number may vary if your immune system is underdeveloped or weak, particularly in children and older adults.

To protect yourself and your loved ones from the flu infection, contact our number to register yourself for a vaccine during our vaccine drive.

References:

Types of Influenza Viruses | CDC.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2 Dec. 2022,

Flu Symptoms & Diagnosis | CDC.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 18 Nov. 2021,

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